Introductory Concepts
Elementary Relationships
Extensions of Verbal Behavior
Multiple Controlling Relationships
Building on the Elementary Relationships
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21.1 Verbal Behavior Includes Any Response Mode

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When B.F. Skinner wrote Verbal Behavior, he restricted the analysis primarily to vocal behavior and included some discussion of writing. However, the definition of verbal behavior does not specify the response mode at all.

A cartoon showcasing 21.1 verbal behavior through a man and a woman writing on paper.

Verbal Behavior

Behavior that has the following features:

It is established and maintained by reinforcement

The reinforcement is mediated by another person

The other person’s action that results in reinforcement must have been specifically trained in order to reinforce speakers

The topography of the behavior: which muscles are used in making the response

Dynamic characteristics of the response: speed, intensity, repetition

Verbal or non-verbal stimulus

Stimulus mode: auditory, visual, etc.

Reinforcement features

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